Shipping dangerous goods isn’t just about putting something in a box and sending it off.
It’s a carefully controlled process that involves rules, specialist packing, and a high level of responsibility.
Whether you’re moving chemicals, batteries, or aerospace components, every step must be done properly to protect people, property, and environment.
In this guide, we’ll walk you through the full process of dangerous goods shipping, from classification to final delivery.
What Are Dangerous Goods?
Dangerous goods are items or substances that pose a risk to health, safety, property or the environment when transported.
This can include things like flammable liquids, toxic chemicals, explosives, gases, batteries, and even certain everyday items like aerosols or perfums.
These goods are grouped into nine hazards classes under international regulations, such as:
- Explosives (Class 1)
- Gases (Class 2)
- Flammable liquids (Class 3)
- Toxic substances (Class 6), and so on.
Before anything else, you need to determine whether what you’re shipping qualifies as dangerous.
If it does, you must follow the proper rules for that specific type of item.
Step 1: Classifying Dangerous Goods
Classification is the very first stage in the dangerous goods shipping process.
This means identifying what the goods are, what hazards they pose, and what regulations apply.
Each substance has a UN number, a four-digit code that tells carriers and authorities what the item is.
For example, petrol is UN 1203, while lithium-ion batteries are UN 3480.
It’s essential to get this part right – misclassifying goods can result in delays, fines, or worse, accidents.
Step 2: Choosing the Right Packaging
Dangerous goods must be packed in a way that stops them from leaking, reacting, or causing harm during transit.
This isn’t just about using strong boxes – it often means using UN-approved packaging, designed and tested for specific hazards.
There are also different levels of packaging, often referred to as:
- Primary packaging (holds the substance itself)
- Secondary packaging (protects the primary container)
- Outer packaging (protects everything inside for shipping)
Specialist foil packing or inner linings might be needed depending on the item.
The packaging must also be clearly marked with hazard labels, UN numbers, and handling instructions.
Step 3: Preparing the Documentation
Documentation is a huge part of dangerous goods shipping.
Without the right papers, your goods won’t move.
Each shipment needs:
- A Dangerous Goods Declaration
- A packing list
- Transport documents (e.g. airway bill, bill of lading)
- Any relevant certificates, such as for temperature control or material safety
These documents must be accurate and up-to-date.
Any errors could stop the shipment or result in a compliance breach.
Step 4: Labelling and Marking
Dangerous goods must be clearly labelled with the correct hazard symbols and handling instructions.
The exact labels depend on the class of dangerous goods and the type of transport being used.
For example:
- Explosives must carry bright orange “Explosive” label
- Flammable liquids require a red flame symbol
- Items shipped by air have extra rules under IATA
Proper labelling helps handlers and emergency services understand what they’re dealing with, and how to manage the risks.
Step 5: Choosing the Right Mode of Transport
Dangerous goods can be shipped by air, sea, land, or rail – but each one has its own set of rules.
- Air freight follows IATA’s Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR)
- Sea freight uses the IMDG Code (International Maritime Dangerous Goods)
- Road and rail must comply with ADR or RID regulations in Europe
Some goods are banned on certain transport types.
For example, lithium batteries have very strict limits when flying.
Choosing the right freight service for your goods is vital.
You need to balance speed, cost, safety, and legal compliance.
Step 6: Handling and Storing Goods Safely
Once packed and ready, the goods must be handled and stored with care before and during shipment.
This includes:
- Keeping them at the correct temperature
- Ensuring proper separation from incompatible goods
- Securing them in the vehicle or container to prevent movement
Staff involved in dangerous goods shipping must also be trained and certified.
This helps avoid mistakes and keeps everyone safe.
Step 7: Delivery and Final Checks
When the goods reach their destination, there are usually final checks to confirm everything arrived safely and nothing was damaged.
In some cases, local authorities may need to inspect the shipment on arrival.
Some businesses also carry out post-delivery audits, especially if they’re handling high-risk or high-value items.
Why Dangerous Goods Shipping Needs Expert Handling
The process of dangerous goods shipping isn’t something that can be rushed.
Every step, from classification to delivery, comes with legal responsibilities and safety risks.
Making a mistake – even a small one – can cause serious delays, fines, or even environmental harm.
That’s why most businesses turn to specialists with the right experience, facilities, and certifications.
Need Help With Dangerous Goods Shipping?
With over 60 years of experience and a dedicated team of dangerous goods experts, John Pipe International is fully equipped to handle your shipment from start to finish.
Whether you’re shipping chemicals, batteries, or military-grade equipment, we offer compliant packing, freight forwarding, and documentation support – all under one roof.
Let us take the stress out of dangerous goods shipping.
Get in touch today to talk to one of our specialists.
FAQs
What qualifies as dangerous goods for shipping?
Dangerous goods include items that pose a risk to health, safety, property, or the environment during transport. This can include flammable liquids, toxic chemicals, explosives, gases, batteries, and more. Each item is classified under a specific hazard class with a UN number.
Can I ship dangerous goods internationally?
Yes, but you must follow strict international regulations depending on the mode of transport – like IATA for air freight or the IMDG Code for sea freight. You’ll also need approved packaging, proper labels, and accurate documentation.
Do I need special training to ship dangerous goods?
Yes, anyone involved in handling, packing, or shipping dangerous goods must be properly trained and certified. This ensures safety and legal compliance throughout the shipping process.